Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007
Nigeria, 2007
Created on
Apr 25, 2019
Last modified
Apr 25, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
NGA_2007_IBBSS_v01_M
Title
Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007
Subtitle
Second round
Translated Title
No translation
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | NGA |
Study type
Integrated Survey (non-LSMS) [hh/is]
Series Information
Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007, Round 2 is the second of a series of Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys. Surveys are conducted biannually and assess biological and behavioural characteristics of high risk groups for HIV infection.
Abstract
The main objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and beliefs of high-risk groups about STI and HIV, determine the prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among these groups and obtain baseline data that will permit comparisons of risk behaviours, HIV infection and syphilis over time.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
State, group, individual
Version
Version Description
v01: Final clean and anonymized dataset
v1.1: Added the literal question text and some missing labels
v1.1: Added the literal question text and some missing labels
Version Date
2007-09-24
Version Notes
v01 - the first version to be documented after data cleaning, (fully anonymized), analysis and report dissemination.
v1.1 - (March 2012) Added the literal question text and some missing labels
v1.1 - (March 2012) Added the literal question text and some missing labels
Scope
Notes
The survey covers the following:
HIV prevalence
Syphilis prevalence
Knowledge about HIV/STI (individual components and UNGASS knowledge indicator for most at risk populations)
Self-reported STI symptoms
Sex with non-marital partners by type
Duration of sex work and injecting drug use
Condom use at last sex in commercial sex
Condom use at last sex with non-commercial partners by type
Consistent condom use with commercial and non-commercial partners
Sharing of injecting equipment among IDU
Receiving HIV testing and results
Condom use in anal sex among MSM by type of partner (commercial and non-commercial)
Attitudes towards PLWHA
Exposure to interventions
HIV prevalence
Syphilis prevalence
Knowledge about HIV/STI (individual components and UNGASS knowledge indicator for most at risk populations)
Self-reported STI symptoms
Sex with non-marital partners by type
Duration of sex work and injecting drug use
Condom use at last sex in commercial sex
Condom use at last sex with non-commercial partners by type
Consistent condom use with commercial and non-commercial partners
Sharing of injecting equipment among IDU
Receiving HIV testing and results
Condom use in anal sex among MSM by type of partner (commercial and non-commercial)
Attitudes towards PLWHA
Exposure to interventions
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| specific diseases and medical conditions [8.9] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| social and occupational mobility [12.8] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| Health | World Bank |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Health |
| High risk populations |
| HIV |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Six selected states
Geographic Unit
States
Universe
The Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007 covered only males and females aged up to 15-49 years among seven sub-populations at risk of HIV in six selected states of Nigeria, namely Female Sex Workers (both brothel- and non-brothel-based), men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), members of the armed forces, police, and transport workers (TW).
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) | Fedaral Government Of Nigeria(FGN) |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mike Merrigan | FHI 360 | Technical assistance and facilitatory |
| Bolatito Aiyenugba | FHI 360 | Technical assistance and consultant |
| Obinna Onyekwena | FHI 360 | Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United States Agency for International Development | USAID | Funding |
| Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS | UNAIDS | Funding |
| World Health Organization | WHO | Funding |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | Funding |
| National Agency for Control of AIDS | NACA | Funding |
| Federal Ministry of Health | FMOH | Funding |
| Family Health International | FHI 360 | Funding |
| Global HIV AIDS Initiative Nigeria | GHAIN | Funding |
| Society for Family Health | SFH | Funding |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau Of Statistics (NBS) | Fedaral Government Of Nigeria(FGN) | Documentation assistance |
| Jide Coker | Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) | Documentation assistance |
| Christoph Hamelmann | Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) | Documentation assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
In order to reach a representative sample of all groups involved in the 2007 IBBSS, a number of different sampling techniques were used depending on the group in question, including simple random sampling (SRS), cluster sampling (probability proportionate to size (PPS) for fixed populations), time-location sampling (TLS) and respondent-driven sampling (RDS). For MSM and IDU, the RDS method was used, while a TLS technique was used to select non-brothel-based FSW and TW. The brothel-based FSW, armed forces, and police were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling technique. The take all (TA) sampling method was used when the desired sample size was not attainable based on the results of target population mapping.
ITLS is a form of cluster sampling that contains both time and location dimensions. TLS provides the opportunity to reach members of a target population who access certain locations at any point in time. The process starts by creating time * location PSU (PSU that have both a time and a location dimensions) from which a random sample is selected. At the second stage all or a sub-sample of randomly selected population members who appear at the site during a designated time interval of fixed length, for example 4 hours, are interviewed. To the extent that all members of a target population access the locations at some point in time, TLS is a probability sampling method because: (i) all population members have a non-zero chance of selection as long as the TLS frame is complete; and (ii) the selection probabilities can be calculated by taking the time dimension as well as the space dimension into account.
RDS is a method that combines "snowball sampling" with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in a non-random way. Characterized by long referral chains (to ensure that all members of the target population can be reached) and a statistical theory of the sampling process which controls for bias including the effects of choice of seeds and differences in network size, RDS overcomes the shortcomings of institutional sampling (coverage) and snow-ball type methods (statistical validity). By making chain-referral into a probability sampling method and consequently resolving the dilemma of a choice between coverage and statistical validity, RDS has become the most appropriate method for reaching the hard-to-reach population groups. The RDS process starts with the recruitment of the initial seeds each of whom recruits a maximum of two to three members from their population group.
ITLS is a form of cluster sampling that contains both time and location dimensions. TLS provides the opportunity to reach members of a target population who access certain locations at any point in time. The process starts by creating time * location PSU (PSU that have both a time and a location dimensions) from which a random sample is selected. At the second stage all or a sub-sample of randomly selected population members who appear at the site during a designated time interval of fixed length, for example 4 hours, are interviewed. To the extent that all members of a target population access the locations at some point in time, TLS is a probability sampling method because: (i) all population members have a non-zero chance of selection as long as the TLS frame is complete; and (ii) the selection probabilities can be calculated by taking the time dimension as well as the space dimension into account.
RDS is a method that combines "snowball sampling" with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in a non-random way. Characterized by long referral chains (to ensure that all members of the target population can be reached) and a statistical theory of the sampling process which controls for bias including the effects of choice of seeds and differences in network size, RDS overcomes the shortcomings of institutional sampling (coverage) and snow-ball type methods (statistical validity). By making chain-referral into a probability sampling method and consequently resolving the dilemma of a choice between coverage and statistical validity, RDS has become the most appropriate method for reaching the hard-to-reach population groups. The RDS process starts with the recruitment of the initial seeds each of whom recruits a maximum of two to three members from their population group.
Deviations from the Sample Design
Cluster samples were chosen randomly based on sampling frames developed through the mapping process. This process was to identify places where potential subjects could be reached and sampled. Field work for the mapping exercise was performed over one week. Due to the limited period some hidden populations may not be adequately represented in sampling frames.
Response Rate
There were 11,175 individuals selected for this study out of whom 0.8% and 8.1% refused to participate in behavioural and biological componenets of the study respectively.
Non-brothel based FSW had the highest refusal rate of 2.7% and 19.4% for behavioural and biological components respectively, followed by brothel-based FSW at 2.2% and 13.1% respectively. Refusal rates for the behavioural component were less than 0.5% for other groups.
For the biological component, refusal rates were 3% for police, 0.8% for the armed forces, 1 .2% for TW, 4.6% for MSM, and 3.3% for IDU.
Non-brothel based FSW had the highest refusal rate of 2.7% and 19.4% for behavioural and biological components respectively, followed by brothel-based FSW at 2.2% and 13.1% respectively. Refusal rates for the behavioural component were less than 0.5% for other groups.
For the biological component, refusal rates were 3% for police, 0.8% for the armed forces, 1 .2% for TW, 4.6% for MSM, and 3.3% for IDU.
Weighting
The data set is not weighted
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2007 | Not stated in the report |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Every field team had one supervisor. The supervisors reviewed each completed questionnaire immediately after the interview session ended and identified mistakes which were corrected before the respondent left the site. The completed questionnaires were also further reviewed by the State AIDS Program Coordinator and the TC members supervising the teams in each state. At least two TC members were assigned to each state. They visited each site several times to provide guidance and oversight to supervisors where necessary. They also supervised the sampling techniques to ensure that the teams adhered to the sampling methods described for the different groups.
Data Collection Notes
The survey team for each group in each state consisted of three or four interviewers, one supervisor and one counselor-tester. The respondents were assured that all information and discussions remained confidential, that no personal identifiers would be recorded, and that their participation was voluntary. They were informed that they may refuse to answer any questions and that they may opt out of the study at any time. They were also told that their decision to participate or to not to participate did not affect any benefit that they would normally receive.
All study related biological specimens and questionnaires were labeled with a study number. The respondent's identity was not asked nor entered onto the survey forms. Signed/witnessed consent was obtained for each respondent prior to conducting the interview. Witnessed consent was obtained by a counselor or supervisor who acknowledged that all necessary information was provided and understood. Interviewers ensured that respondents were not interviewed twice by asking respondents if they were interviewed earlier on in the survey, and using a single team member for screening RDS participants. Test results were kept on file at nearby HCT centres for at least 3 months to enable mobile populations to return for their results.
All survey specimens were tested for HIV and syphilis using standard diagnostic algorithms currently in place in Nigeria. Ten ml of blood was collected into a vacutainer tube by appropriately trained counselors under supervision of the TC. Vacutainer tubes were labeled with the pa a refrigerator at 4°C. At the end of each day (or the following morning, in the case of night-time data collection) specimens were transported to a designated testing site. Plasma was extracted from blood specimens by centrifugation and transferred by pipette to 3 ml cryotubes. The HIV diagnostic algorithm used was follows: Determine, Stat-pak in parallel for screening, and Genie II for confirmation with Capillus as a tie breaker. The syphilis status was determined using the following tests: Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) for screening; and Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) for confirmation. Once samples were processed and all testing completed, specimens were stored frozen.
All study related biological specimens and questionnaires were labeled with a study number. The respondent's identity was not asked nor entered onto the survey forms. Signed/witnessed consent was obtained for each respondent prior to conducting the interview. Witnessed consent was obtained by a counselor or supervisor who acknowledged that all necessary information was provided and understood. Interviewers ensured that respondents were not interviewed twice by asking respondents if they were interviewed earlier on in the survey, and using a single team member for screening RDS participants. Test results were kept on file at nearby HCT centres for at least 3 months to enable mobile populations to return for their results.
All survey specimens were tested for HIV and syphilis using standard diagnostic algorithms currently in place in Nigeria. Ten ml of blood was collected into a vacutainer tube by appropriately trained counselors under supervision of the TC. Vacutainer tubes were labeled with the pa a refrigerator at 4°C. At the end of each day (or the following morning, in the case of night-time data collection) specimens were transported to a designated testing site. Plasma was extracted from blood specimens by centrifugation and transferred by pipette to 3 ml cryotubes. The HIV diagnostic algorithm used was follows: Determine, Stat-pak in parallel for screening, and Genie II for confirmation with Capillus as a tie breaker. The syphilis status was determined using the following tests: Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) for screening; and Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) for confirmation. Once samples were processed and all testing completed, specimens were stored frozen.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| FHI 360 Nigeria Country Office | FHI 360 | FHI 360 Headquarters, USA |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire was designed in collaboration with FMOH, SFH, CDC, WHO, UNAIDS and other stakeholders. At both central- and state-level trainings, each question in the questionnaire was reviewed and role-played and possible challenges were identified and addressed. The questionnaire of Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007 was grouped into fifteen sections
Section 0: Identification particularsBackground characteristics
Section 1: Background characteristics
Section 2: Marriage and partnerships
Section 3: Sexual history numbers and types of partners
Section 4: Sexual history-regular partners (for those with spouse/live-in sexual partners only; for MSM, female spouse/live-in sexual partners only)
Section 5: Sexual history-boy friends/girl friends (for those with boy friends/girl friends sexual partners only; for MSM, female boy friends/girl friends sexual partners only)
Section 6: Sexual history-purchasing sex (male only) (for those with commercial sex partners only; for MSM, female commercial sex partners only)
Section 7: Sexual history-casual-non regular non-paying sexual partners (for those with casual sexual partners only; for MSM, female casual sexual partners only)
Section 8: Selling sex (for female populatios only)
Section 9: Social habits (all groups)
Section 10: Dru use/needle sharing (all population reporting drug injection in the past 12 months)
Section 11: MSM-men who have sex with men (ask all respondents)
Section 12: STIs (ask all respondents)
Section 13: Knowledge, opinions, and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS (ask all respondents)
Section 12: Exposure to interventions
Section 0: Identification particularsBackground characteristics
Section 1: Background characteristics
Section 2: Marriage and partnerships
Section 3: Sexual history numbers and types of partners
Section 4: Sexual history-regular partners (for those with spouse/live-in sexual partners only; for MSM, female spouse/live-in sexual partners only)
Section 5: Sexual history-boy friends/girl friends (for those with boy friends/girl friends sexual partners only; for MSM, female boy friends/girl friends sexual partners only)
Section 6: Sexual history-purchasing sex (male only) (for those with commercial sex partners only; for MSM, female commercial sex partners only)
Section 7: Sexual history-casual-non regular non-paying sexual partners (for those with casual sexual partners only; for MSM, female casual sexual partners only)
Section 8: Selling sex (for female populatios only)
Section 9: Social habits (all groups)
Section 10: Dru use/needle sharing (all population reporting drug injection in the past 12 months)
Section 11: MSM-men who have sex with men (ask all respondents)
Section 12: STIs (ask all respondents)
Section 13: Knowledge, opinions, and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS (ask all respondents)
Section 12: Exposure to interventions
Data Processing
Data Editing
After data entry, the data was cleaned using STATA 10. Frequency counts were carried out to check consistency and assess cleaniness of the database. The data cleaning also included the following:
Searching for ages outside the age range criteria;
Cross-checking all corresponding skips to the questionnaire;
Reviewing the cluster allocations;
Cross-checking the questionnaire completion responses from the interviewers in the database with the records in the supervisors log to ensure they matched;
Tallying the supervisors log of blood samples collected to ensure that recorded numbers of samples collected matched the results recorded in the database; and
Consistency checks involving cross-checking answers to related questions.
Searching for ages outside the age range criteria;
Cross-checking all corresponding skips to the questionnaire;
Reviewing the cluster allocations;
Cross-checking the questionnaire completion responses from the interviewers in the database with the records in the supervisors log to ensure they matched;
Tallying the supervisors log of blood samples collected to ensure that recorded numbers of samples collected matched the results recorded in the database; and
Consistency checks involving cross-checking answers to related questions.
Other Processing
Data was entered using CS Pro version 3.2.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
No sampling error estimate
Data Appraisal
A template for the questionnaire was designed with pre-programmed consistency checks for cross-checking answers, including skips and eligibility criteria. Laboratory data forms were collected on a periodic basis from the central laboratories and brought to the same centralized location for data entry. At least 25% of the questionnaires entered daily by each data entry clerk had the behaviour and other non-biological data entered, while 100% double-data entry was achieved for the biological data for quality control purposes. The data entry clerks were supervised by three supervisors who reviewed and validated all questionnaires entered.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) | info@nigeria.gov.ng | http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/index.php |
Confidentiality
The data is anonymized.
Access conditions
Contact FMOH and FHI 360 for details.
FHI 360 - ochabikuli@ghain.org
FMOH - aazeez@ghain.org
A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by FMOHS, however data producers have been properly anonymized.
FHI 360 - ochabikuli@ghain.org
FMOH - aazeez@ghain.org
A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by FMOHS, however data producers have been properly anonymized.
Citation requirements
"Federal Ministry of Health, Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS 2007), v1.1, provided by the National Data Archive. http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nada/index.php"
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges FHI 360, FMOH and USAID bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
© 2012, Federal Ministry of Health
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_NGA_2007_IBBSS_v02_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Ministry of Health | FMOH | Federal Republic of Nigeria | Documentation of the Study |
| Accelerated Data Program | ADP | International Household Survey Network | Review of the metadata |
Date of Metadata Production
2012-03-28
DDI Document version
v1.1 (March 2012) Adding the literal question text and some missing label
Version 02 (October 2013). Edited version based on Version 1.1 (March 2012) DDI (DDI_NGA_2007_IBBSS_v1.1_M) that was done by Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health and reviewed by Accelerated Data Program, International Household Survey Network.
Version 02 (October 2013). Edited version based on Version 1.1 (March 2012) DDI (DDI_NGA_2007_IBBSS_v1.1_M) that was done by Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health and reviewed by Accelerated Data Program, International Household Survey Network.