Survey on Hard Drug Users 2006-2007
Nepal, 2005 - 2006
Created on
Apr 25, 2019
Last modified
Apr 25, 2019
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27
Identification
Survey ID Number
NPL_2006_SHDU_v01_M
Title
Survey on Hard Drug Users 2006-2007
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nepal | NPL |
Study type
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
Abstract
Drug abuse has become multi-dimensional problem in Nepal and drug control, a challenge for the government. Lack of reliable information on size and characteristics of drug users was the bottleneck in formulating effective plans/programs and implementation as well. Considering these facts, the Central Bureau of Statistics upon the request of the Ministry of Home Affairs conducted a survey on hard drug users in Nepal in 2006/07.
The main objective of the survey was to estimate the total number of hard drug users in Nepal. The secondary objective was to generate information on the characteristics of drug users, such as: age, sex, education, age at first intake, frequency/duration of drug use, expenses made on drug etc.
The main objective of the survey was to estimate the total number of hard drug users in Nepal. The secondary objective was to generate information on the characteristics of drug users, such as: age, sex, education, age at first intake, frequency/duration of drug use, expenses made on drug etc.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Individual
Version
Version Description
Version 01: Edited dataset for public distribution
Version Date
2007-06
Scope
Notes
Men and Women using hard drugs: Age patterns of drug users, Age at first drug intake, Number of years drug intake, Frequency of drug intake per day, Cost for a single dose, Currently attending school/campuses, Occupational status, Educational status, Marital status, Types of drug ever used, Reasons for drug intake, Sources of drug, Injecting Drug Users (IDUs), Rehabilitation Centre visit, Voice of drug users.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
It is assumed that hard drugs are supplied or available mostly in urban areas and so, urban areas and the vicinity are affected most. Also it is assumed that substance users from rural area, who became dependent, live and wander in urban area and vicinity. However, those who live on medical drugs only and live in rural area may have been out of the survey coverage. So, the survey covered 17 municipalities of the five development regions. Among those municipalities, rehabilitation centres were being operated in 12 municipalities. There was no rehabilitation centre found in rest of the 5 municipalities.
It is assumed that hard drugs are supplied or available mostly in urban areas and so, urban areas and the vicinity are affected most. Also it is assumed that substance users from rural area, who became dependent, live and wander in urban area and vicinity. However, those who live on medical drugs only and live in rural area may have been out of the survey coverage. So, the survey covered 17 municipalities of the five development regions. Among those municipalities, rehabilitation centres were being operated in 12 municipalities. There was no rehabilitation centre found in rest of the 5 municipalities.
Geographic Unit
National
Universe
All the drug users under treatment in any of the rehabilitation center are taken into account of this survey. Other 100 current hard drug users from each spot are also taken into account.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | National Planning Commission |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Home Affairs | MOHA | Funding |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Usual survey methodology (general household/population survey) is not recommended to estimate the prevalence of hard-to-reach hidden population such as hard drug users, commercial sex workers, homeless people, etc. for some reasons. Sampling frame is not usually available and also very difficult or impossible to construct. Due to the low prevalence rate as compared to the total population, it may require larger sample size and relatively more resources. More importantly, respondents may not be willing to respond because of the sensitivity of the topic itself.
An alternative approach of estimation technique has to be used to get the most reliable picture of the real situation. For this, we have selected the Multiplier Method of indirect estimation technique.
The multiplier method has two elements in common: the benchmark and the multiplier.
The benchmark (B) is the data source that captures the number of hard drug users who are under treatment in the rehabilitation centers in the reference year. The multiplier (M) is an estimate of the proportion of current hard drug users who have experienced the event recorded by the benchmark, i.e. the proportion of such drug users who have been in treatment in the rehabilitation centers in the reference period. This information is obtained independently of the benchmark data. The inverse of that proportion is the multiplier (M), which is an indirect estimate of the proportion of the total population of the hard drug users represented in the benchmark data.
The prevalence is calculated by multiplying the benchmark by the multiplier (B x M). Hence,
N = B x M = B x (1/p)
where,
N is the total number of hard drug users,
p is the proportion of the hard drug users who have visited the rehabilitation centers in the reference period.
Sample size:
In each of the selected area, sample size for the interview with current hard drug users were fixed at 100 respondents. This number is derived with following assumptions:
Estimated proportion of drug users visiting rehabilitation centers = 7%
Margin of error in estimation = 5% and
Level of confidence = 95%
The total achieved sample size was 1319.
An alternative approach of estimation technique has to be used to get the most reliable picture of the real situation. For this, we have selected the Multiplier Method of indirect estimation technique.
The multiplier method has two elements in common: the benchmark and the multiplier.
The benchmark (B) is the data source that captures the number of hard drug users who are under treatment in the rehabilitation centers in the reference year. The multiplier (M) is an estimate of the proportion of current hard drug users who have experienced the event recorded by the benchmark, i.e. the proportion of such drug users who have been in treatment in the rehabilitation centers in the reference period. This information is obtained independently of the benchmark data. The inverse of that proportion is the multiplier (M), which is an indirect estimate of the proportion of the total population of the hard drug users represented in the benchmark data.
The prevalence is calculated by multiplying the benchmark by the multiplier (B x M). Hence,
N = B x M = B x (1/p)
where,
N is the total number of hard drug users,
p is the proportion of the hard drug users who have visited the rehabilitation centers in the reference period.
Sample size:
In each of the selected area, sample size for the interview with current hard drug users were fixed at 100 respondents. This number is derived with following assumptions:
Estimated proportion of drug users visiting rehabilitation centers = 7%
Margin of error in estimation = 5% and
Level of confidence = 95%
The total achieved sample size was 1319.
Response Rate
100 percent
Weighting
Sample weights were calculated for each of study area. The weight was calculated as the ratio of drug users captured in the rehabilitation centre in the past year to rehabilitation visit rate i.e. number of drug users taken as numerator and rehabilitation centre visit rate taken as denominator.
In the HDUS 2006/07 dataset, the weighting coefficient is called WEIGHT.
In the HDUS 2006/07 dataset, the weighting coefficient is called WEIGHT.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2005-12-17 | 2006-12-16 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Interview was conducted by a team of interviewers (all were experienced CBS central staff). Supervision has been performed by CBS central officers to control the quality of the fieldwork.
Data Collection Notes
For the benchmark data, complete listing of all hard drug users under treatment in all rehabilitation centres operated in Nepal within the reference period were collected.
For the multiplier data, current hard drug users were sampled and interviewed from each of the selected spots within the selected areas.
With the help of the outreach workers of the rehabilitation centres, it was possible to reach the current hard drug users in the spot and interviewed.
Date of collection was according to Nepali calendar.
For the multiplier data, current hard drug users were sampled and interviewed from each of the selected spots within the selected areas.
With the help of the outreach workers of the rehabilitation centres, it was possible to reach the current hard drug users in the spot and interviewed.
Date of collection was according to Nepali calendar.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bureau of Statistics | CBS | National Planning Commission |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire for the Hard Drug Users Survey was a structured questionnaire. It includes some demographic characteristics as well as some individual characteristics like sex, age, relationship and other status.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data editing was done at a various stages throughout the processing. That included office editing and coding, and structural checking of SPSS data files.
Other Processing
Office editing and coding was performed after the questionnaires were received at Central Bureau of Statistics. Data entry was done on SPSS. Structure checking, verification of data and backup of raw data was also completed.
Data Appraisal
Data Appraisal
Since response rate was 100 percent and non-sampling errors were manged well, no any other action taken to access reliability of the data.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal | uttammalla@cbs.gov.np | http://cbs.gov.np/?page_id=17 |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Publication, Distribution and Library Section | Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal | archive@cbs.gov.np | http://cbs.gov.np/?page_id=17 |
Confidentiality
Confidentiality of the respondents is guaranteed by Article 8 of Statistics Act 1958.
Restriction on publication of information and details
Any information or details relating to any person, family, firm or company, which have been supplied, obtained or prepared pursuant to Section 3 or Section 4 or Section 5 or Section 6 or Section 7 or any part of such information or details, shall not be disclosed or published directly except to the Director General or to any other officer of the Bureau without the written permission of the person or of his or her authorized representative supplying such information or details.
For the purpose of institution of any suit under this Act, nothing mentioned in Sub-section (1) shall be deemed to bar the production of such information before any court.
Access conditions
The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all users for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Central Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CBS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the CBS or among data from the CBS and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the CBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the CBS.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Central Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CBS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the CBS or among data from the CBS and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the CBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the CBS.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. Hard Drug Users Survey 2006/07. Ref. NPL_2006_SHDU_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://cbs.gov.np/nada/index.php/catalog on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. Hard Drug Users Survey 2006/07. Ref. NPL_2006_SHDU_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://cbs.gov.np/nada/index.php/catalog on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal bears no responsibility for any outcomes or for interpretations or inferences arising from the use of the dataset.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_NPL_2006_SHDU_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ananda Raj Aryal | ARA | Central Bureau of Statistics | Documenter |
| Accelerated Data Program | ADP | International Household Survey Network | Editing for IHSN Survey Catalog |
Date of Metadata Production
2010-11-26
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 - Central Bureau of Statistics - Original documentation of the study.
Version 2.0 - Edited version by ADP based on Version 1.0 of CBS downloaded from http://cbs.gov.np/nada/index.php/catalog on 24 April 2013.
Version 2.0 - Edited version by ADP based on Version 1.0 of CBS downloaded from http://cbs.gov.np/nada/index.php/catalog on 24 April 2013.