Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006
Lao PDR, 2006
Created on
Apr 25, 2019
Last modified
Apr 25, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
LAO_2006_MICS_v01_M
Title
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Lao PDR | LAO |
Study type
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 3 [hh/mics-3]
Series Information
UNICEF assists countries in collecting and analyzing data in order to fill data gaps for monitoring the situation of children and women through its international household survey initiative the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS).
MICS surveys are typically carried out by government organizations, with the support and assistance of UNICEF and other partners. Technical assistance and training for the surveys is provided through a series of regional workshops where experts from developing countries are trained on various aspects of MICS (questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation, data processing, data quality and data analysis, and report writing and dissemination).
Since the mid-1990s, the MICS has enabled many countries to produce statistically sound and internationally comparable estimates of a range of indicators in the areas of health, education, child protection and HIV/AIDS. MICS findings have been used extensively as a basis for policy decisions and programme interventions, and for the purpose of influencing public opinion on the situation of children and women around the world.
MICS1 (1995) - The MICS was originally developed in response to the World Summit for Children to measure progress towards an internationally agreed set of mid-decade goals. The first round of MICS was conducted around 1995 in more than 60 countries.
MICS2 (2000) - A second round of surveys was conducted in 2000 (around 65 surveys), and resulted in an increasing wealth of data to monitor the situation of children and women. For the first time it was possible to monitor trends in many indicators and set baselines for other indicators.
MICS3 (2005-2006) - The third round of MICS, which was carried out in over 50 countries in 2005-06, has been an important data source for monitoring the Millennium Development Goals with 21 MDG indicators collected through MICS3 (particularly indicators related to health, education and mortality). MICS3 was also a monitoring tool for other international goals including the World Fit for Children, the UNGASS targets on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria.
MICS4 (2009-2011) - In response to an increased demand for data all over the world, starting from MICS4, UNICEF will be prepared to provide assistance to countries at more frequent intervals - every three years instead of every five years. This will provide the opportunity for countries to capture rapid changes in key indicators, particularly the MDGs.
MICS surveys are typically carried out by government organizations, with the support and assistance of UNICEF and other partners. Technical assistance and training for the surveys is provided through a series of regional workshops where experts from developing countries are trained on various aspects of MICS (questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation, data processing, data quality and data analysis, and report writing and dissemination).
Since the mid-1990s, the MICS has enabled many countries to produce statistically sound and internationally comparable estimates of a range of indicators in the areas of health, education, child protection and HIV/AIDS. MICS findings have been used extensively as a basis for policy decisions and programme interventions, and for the purpose of influencing public opinion on the situation of children and women around the world.
MICS1 (1995) - The MICS was originally developed in response to the World Summit for Children to measure progress towards an internationally agreed set of mid-decade goals. The first round of MICS was conducted around 1995 in more than 60 countries.
MICS2 (2000) - A second round of surveys was conducted in 2000 (around 65 surveys), and resulted in an increasing wealth of data to monitor the situation of children and women. For the first time it was possible to monitor trends in many indicators and set baselines for other indicators.
MICS3 (2005-2006) - The third round of MICS, which was carried out in over 50 countries in 2005-06, has been an important data source for monitoring the Millennium Development Goals with 21 MDG indicators collected through MICS3 (particularly indicators related to health, education and mortality). MICS3 was also a monitoring tool for other international goals including the World Fit for Children, the UNGASS targets on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria.
MICS4 (2009-2011) - In response to an increased demand for data all over the world, starting from MICS4, UNICEF will be prepared to provide assistance to countries at more frequent intervals - every three years instead of every five years. This will provide the opportunity for countries to capture rapid changes in key indicators, particularly the MDGs.
Abstract
The 2006 Lao PDR Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives:
• To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in the Lao PDR;
• To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action;
• To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in the Lao PDR and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.
• To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in the Lao PDR;
• To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action;
• To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in the Lao PDR and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Households, women age 15-49, and children under age 5.
Scope
Notes
The scope of Lao PDR 2006 MICS includes:
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
o Extended household listing
o Education
o Water and Sanitation
o Household Characteristics
o Insecticide Treated Nets
o Child Labour
o Child Discipline
o Disability
o Salt Iodisation and Consumption of Fortifiable Centrally-processed Foods
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR WOMEN
o Pregnancy
o Tetanus Toxoid
o Maternal and Newborn Health
o Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence
o Anthropometry assessments on women of reproductive age
o Collection of blood and urine from women of reproductive age
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILDREN UNDER 5
o Birth Registration and Early Learning
o Child Development
o Vitamin A
o Breastfeeding
o Care of Child Illness
o Malaria among Under Five
o Immunization
o Anthropometry
o Collection of blood and stool samples
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
o Extended household listing
o Education
o Water and Sanitation
o Household Characteristics
o Insecticide Treated Nets
o Child Labour
o Child Discipline
o Disability
o Salt Iodisation and Consumption of Fortifiable Centrally-processed Foods
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR WOMEN
o Pregnancy
o Tetanus Toxoid
o Maternal and Newborn Health
o Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence
o Anthropometry assessments on women of reproductive age
o Collection of blood and urine from women of reproductive age
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILDREN UNDER 5
o Birth Registration and Early Learning
o Child Development
o Vitamin A
o Breastfeeding
o Care of Child Illness
o Malaria among Under Five
o Immunization
o Anthropometry
o Collection of blood and stool samples
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Department of Statistics | Ministry of Planning and Investment |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hygiene and Prevention Department | Ministry of Health | |
| United Nations Children's Fund | Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | USCD | Financial assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Sample Design
The sample for the Lao PDR Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was designed to provide estimates on a large number of indicators conerning the situation of children and women at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for three regions: North, Central and South. Regions were identified as the main sampling domains and the sample was selected in two stages. Within each region, 100 census enumeration areas were selected with probability proportional to size. After a household listing was carried out within the selected enumeration areas, a systematic sample of 20 households was drawn. Although the sample was designed to collect information from 6,000 households, it was known in advance that one village only had 15 households, therefore the total expected number of households was 5,995. Of the selected enumeration areas, all but two were visited during the fieldwork period. The two missing enumeration areas were replaced in the field with villages of similar area type. The sample was stratified by region and is not self-weighting. For reporting national level results, sample weights are used.
The sample for the Lao PDR Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was designed to provide estimates on a large number of indicators conerning the situation of children and women at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for three regions: North, Central and South. Regions were identified as the main sampling domains and the sample was selected in two stages. Within each region, 100 census enumeration areas were selected with probability proportional to size. After a household listing was carried out within the selected enumeration areas, a systematic sample of 20 households was drawn. Although the sample was designed to collect information from 6,000 households, it was known in advance that one village only had 15 households, therefore the total expected number of households was 5,995. Of the selected enumeration areas, all but two were visited during the fieldwork period. The two missing enumeration areas were replaced in the field with villages of similar area type. The sample was stratified by region and is not self-weighting. For reporting national level results, sample weights are used.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2006-03 | 2006-06 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Training and Fieldwork
Training for the fieldwork was conducted over 14 days in February 2006. Training included lectures on interviewing techniques and the contents of the questionnaires. In addition, a group of laboratory technicians were trained in collection of biochemical samples for the nutrition component of the survey and were also trained and standardised in anthropometry measurement techniques. Towards the end of the training period, all trainees spent three days in practice interviewing, anthropometry and sample collection in nine villages (one village per team). The pilot villages were all in rural areas with road access.
The data were collected by nine teams; each comprised four interviewers, one driver, one laboratory technician (who was responsible for anthropometry and also collection of additional samples for the additional nutrition component of the survey), one editor/measurer and a supervisor. Fieldwork began in March 2006 and concluded in June 2006.
Training for the fieldwork was conducted over 14 days in February 2006. Training included lectures on interviewing techniques and the contents of the questionnaires. In addition, a group of laboratory technicians were trained in collection of biochemical samples for the nutrition component of the survey and were also trained and standardised in anthropometry measurement techniques. Towards the end of the training period, all trainees spent three days in practice interviewing, anthropometry and sample collection in nine villages (one village per team). The pilot villages were all in rural areas with road access.
The data were collected by nine teams; each comprised four interviewers, one driver, one laboratory technician (who was responsible for anthropometry and also collection of additional samples for the additional nutrition component of the survey), one editor/measurer and a supervisor. Fieldwork began in March 2006 and concluded in June 2006.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Three sets of questionnaires were used in the survey: 1) a household questionnaire which was used to collect information on all de jure household members, the household, and the dwelling; 2) a women’s questionnaire administered in each household to all women aged 15-49 years; and 3) an under-5 questionnaire, administered to mothers or caretakers of all children under five living in the household. The questionnaires included the following modules:
The Household Questionnaire included the following modules:
o Extended household listing
o Education
o Water and Sanitation
o Household Characteristics
o Insecticide Treated Nets
o Child Labour
o Child Discipline
o Disability
o Salt Iodisation and Consumption of Fortifiable Centrally-processed Foods
The Questionnaire for Individual Women was administered to all women aged 15-49 years living in the households, and included the following modules:
o Pregnancy
o Tetanus Toxoid
o Maternal and Newborn Health
o Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence
o Anthropometry assessments on women of reproductive age
o Collection of blood and urine from women of reproductive age
The Questionnaire for Children Under Five was administered to mothers or caretakers of children under five years of age living in the households. Normally, the questionnaire was administered to mothers of under-5 children; in cases when the mother was not listed in the household roster or was not home, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed. The questionnaire included the following modules:
o Birth Registration and Early Learning
o Child Development
o Vitamin A
o Breastfeeding
o Care of Child Illness
o Malaria among Under Five
o Immunization
o Anthropometry
o Collection of blood and stool samples (In the subset of nutrition clusters only - results of biochemical analyses of these samples can be found in the nutrition report)
The questionnaires are based on the MICS3 model questionnaire. From the MICS3 model English version, the questionnaires were translated into Lao and were pre-tested in four villages of Vientiane Capital during January 2006. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.
The Household Questionnaire included the following modules:
o Extended household listing
o Education
o Water and Sanitation
o Household Characteristics
o Insecticide Treated Nets
o Child Labour
o Child Discipline
o Disability
o Salt Iodisation and Consumption of Fortifiable Centrally-processed Foods
The Questionnaire for Individual Women was administered to all women aged 15-49 years living in the households, and included the following modules:
o Pregnancy
o Tetanus Toxoid
o Maternal and Newborn Health
o Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence
o Anthropometry assessments on women of reproductive age
o Collection of blood and urine from women of reproductive age
The Questionnaire for Children Under Five was administered to mothers or caretakers of children under five years of age living in the households. Normally, the questionnaire was administered to mothers of under-5 children; in cases when the mother was not listed in the household roster or was not home, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed. The questionnaire included the following modules:
o Birth Registration and Early Learning
o Child Development
o Vitamin A
o Breastfeeding
o Care of Child Illness
o Malaria among Under Five
o Immunization
o Anthropometry
o Collection of blood and stool samples (In the subset of nutrition clusters only - results of biochemical analyses of these samples can be found in the nutrition report)
The questionnaires are based on the MICS3 model questionnaire. From the MICS3 model English version, the questionnaires were translated into Lao and were pre-tested in four villages of Vientiane Capital during January 2006. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data were entered using the CSPro software. The data were entered on 14 microcomputers and carried out by 14 data entry operators and four data entry supervisors. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. However due to unfamiliarity in using the CSPro software, the final consistency checks and the correction in data files were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software instead. Procedures and standard programmes developed under the global MICS3 project and adapted to the Lao PDR questionnaire were used throughout, except for the final step in consistency checks. Data processing began in May 2006 and was completed in August 2006.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The sample of respondents selected in the Lao PDR Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey is only one of the samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey results.
The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
• Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc). Standard error is the square root of the variance. The Taylor linearisation method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
• Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator
• Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates the increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
• Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistics will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (p + 2.se or p – 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, SPSS Version 14 Complex Samples module has been used. The results are shown in the tables that follow. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.
Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the national total, for the regions, and for urban, rural with road access and rural without road access areas. Two of the selected indicators are based on households, seven are based on household members, three are based on women, and 15 are based on children under five
The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
• Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc). Standard error is the square root of the variance. The Taylor linearisation method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
• Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator
• Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates the increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
• Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistics will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (p + 2.se or p – 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, SPSS Version 14 Complex Samples module has been used. The results are shown in the tables that follow. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.
Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the national total, for the regions, and for urban, rural with road access and rural without road access areas. Two of the selected indicators are based on households, seven are based on household members, three are based on women, and 15 are based on children under five
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | URL |
|---|---|
| United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | http://www.childinfo.org/mics3_surveys.html |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Inquiries | UNICEF | childinfo@unicef.org | http://www.childinfo.org |
| MICS Programme Manager | UNICEF | mics@unicef.org | http://www.childinfo.org |
Confidentiality
Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets.
Access conditions
Survey datasets are distributed at no cost for legitimate research.
Interested users are requested to provide an e-mail address, their name, affiliation and type of institution and country of residence. A short description of the objectives of the research project must also be provided
Users who download the data agree to provide UNICEF with copies of all reports and publications based on the requested data.
The data may not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of UNICEF.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to UNICEF.
Email: mics@unicef.org <mailto:mics@unicef.org>
Global MICS Coordinator
Statistics and Monitoring
Division of Policy and Practice
UNICEF
Three United Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017
USA
Requests for access to the datasets should be made through the website: http://www.childinfo.org.
Interested users are requested to provide an e-mail address, their name, affiliation and type of institution and country of residence. A short description of the objectives of the research project must also be provided
Users who download the data agree to provide UNICEF with copies of all reports and publications based on the requested data.
The data may not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of UNICEF.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to UNICEF.
Email: mics@unicef.org <mailto:mics@unicef.org>
Global MICS Coordinator
Statistics and Monitoring
Division of Policy and Practice
UNICEF
Three United Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017
USA
Requests for access to the datasets should be made through the website: http://www.childinfo.org.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download of the data files (for datasets obtained on-line)
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download of the data files (for datasets obtained on-line)
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_WB_LAO_2006_MICS_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
DDI Document version
Version 01 (June 2011)