Expenditure and Consumption Survey, 2006
West Bank and Gaza, 2006 - 2007
Created on
Apr 25, 2019
Last modified
Apr 25, 2019
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2370
Identification
Survey ID Number
WBG_2006_PECS_v01_M
Title
Expenditure and Consumption Survey, 2006
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| West Bank and Gaza | WBG |
Study type
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
Series Information
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) conducted a household expenditure and consumption survey for the first time between 1/10/1995 and 30/9/1996.
PCBS then conducted a series of surveys on the following dates:
- A second survey between 1/1/1997 and 31/1/1997.
- A third survey between 1/1/1998 and 31/1/1998.
- A fourth survey between 15/3/2001 and 14/3/2002.
- A fifth survey between 15/1/2004 and 14/1/2005.
- A sixth survey between 15/1/2005 and 14/1/2006.
- And a seventh survey between 15/1/2006 and 14/1/2007.
The findings of these surveys constituted a solid database and enabled PCBS to publish detailed statistics on expenditure and consumption.
PCBS then conducted a series of surveys on the following dates:
- A second survey between 1/1/1997 and 31/1/1997.
- A third survey between 1/1/1998 and 31/1/1998.
- A fourth survey between 15/3/2001 and 14/3/2002.
- A fifth survey between 15/1/2004 and 14/1/2005.
- A sixth survey between 15/1/2005 and 14/1/2006.
- And a seventh survey between 15/1/2006 and 14/1/2007.
The findings of these surveys constituted a solid database and enabled PCBS to publish detailed statistics on expenditure and consumption.
Abstract
The basic goal of this survey is to provide the necessary database for formulating national policies at various levels. It represents the contribution of the household sector to the Gross National Product (GNP). Household Surveys help as well in determining the incidence of poverty, and providing weighted data which reflects the relative importance of the consumption items to be employed in determining the benchmark for rates and prices of items and services.
Generally, the Household Expenditure and Consumption Survey is a fundamental cornerstone in the process of studying the nutritional status in the Palestinian territory.
The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Office was cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major research project to develop and expand knowledge on equity and inequality in the Arab region.
The main focus of the project is to measure the magnitude and direction of change in inequality and to understand the complex contributing social, political and economic forces influencing its levels. However, the measurement and analysis of the magnitude and direction of change in this inequality cannot be consistently carried out without harmonized and comparable micro-level data on income and expenditures.
Therefore, one important component of this research project is securing and harmonizing household surveys from as many countries in the region as possible, adhering to international statistics on household living standards distribution. Once the dataset has been compiled, the Economic Research Forum makes it available, subject to confidentiality agreements, to all researchers and institutions concerned with data collection and issues of inequality.
Data is a public good, in the interest of the region, and it is consistent with the Economic Research Forum's mandate to make micro data available, aiding regional research on this important topic.
Generally, the Household Expenditure and Consumption Survey is a fundamental cornerstone in the process of studying the nutritional status in the Palestinian territory.
The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Office was cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major research project to develop and expand knowledge on equity and inequality in the Arab region.
The main focus of the project is to measure the magnitude and direction of change in inequality and to understand the complex contributing social, political and economic forces influencing its levels. However, the measurement and analysis of the magnitude and direction of change in this inequality cannot be consistently carried out without harmonized and comparable micro-level data on income and expenditures.
Therefore, one important component of this research project is securing and harmonizing household surveys from as many countries in the region as possible, adhering to international statistics on household living standards distribution. Once the dataset has been compiled, the Economic Research Forum makes it available, subject to confidentiality agreements, to all researchers and institutions concerned with data collection and issues of inequality.
Data is a public good, in the interest of the region, and it is consistent with the Economic Research Forum's mandate to make micro data available, aiding regional research on this important topic.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
1- Household/families.
2- Individuals.
2- Individuals.
Version
Version Description
V1.0: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
Version Date
2012-11
Version Notes
All documentation available for the original survey, whether provided by the Statistical Office or generated by the Economic Research Forum, has been published. However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
Scope
Notes
Household: Includes geographic, social, and economic characteristics of households, namely, household composition, dwelling characteristics, ownership of assets indicators, heads' and spouses' characteristics, annual household expenditure and income.
Individual: Includes demographic, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners.
Fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Individual: Includes demographic, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners.
Fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Poverty | ERF |
| Expenditure | ERF |
| Income | ERF |
| Infrastructure | ERF |
| Education | ERF |
| Labor | ERF |
| Health | ERF |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The survey data covers urban, rural and camp areas in West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Universe
The survey covered all the Palestinian households who are a usual residence in the Palestinian Territory.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | Palestinian National Authority |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| The Palestinian National Authority | PNA | Financial assistance |
| The Core Funding Group | CFG | Financial assistance |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation | SDC | Financial assistance |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| The Core Funding Group represented by the representative office | responded to the survey instrument |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation | responded to the survey instrument |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Sample and Frame:
============
The sampling frame consists of all enumeration areas which enumerated in 1997 and the numeration area consists of buildings and housing units and has in average about 150 households in it. We use the enumeration areas as primary sampling units PSUs in the first stage of the sampling selection. The enumeration areas of the master sample were updated in 2003.
Sample Design:
==========
The sample is stratified cluster systematic random sample with two stages:
The calculated sample size is 1,616 households, the completed households were 1,281 (847 in the west bank and 434 in the Gaza strip).
First stage: selection a systematic random sample of 120 enumeration areas.
Second stage: selection a systematic random sample of 12-18 households from each enumeration area selected in the first stage.
Sample strata:
=========
We divided the population by:
1- Region (North West Bank, Middle West Bank, South West Bank, Gaza Strip)
2- Type of Locality (urban, rural, refugee camps)
Target cluster size:
============
The target cluster size or "sample-take" is the average number of households to be selected per PSU. In this survey, the sample take is around 12 households.
Sample Size:
========
The calculated sample size is 1,616 households, the completed households were 1,281 (847 in the west bank and 434 in the Gaza strip).
============
The sampling frame consists of all enumeration areas which enumerated in 1997 and the numeration area consists of buildings and housing units and has in average about 150 households in it. We use the enumeration areas as primary sampling units PSUs in the first stage of the sampling selection. The enumeration areas of the master sample were updated in 2003.
Sample Design:
==========
The sample is stratified cluster systematic random sample with two stages:
The calculated sample size is 1,616 households, the completed households were 1,281 (847 in the west bank and 434 in the Gaza strip).
First stage: selection a systematic random sample of 120 enumeration areas.
Second stage: selection a systematic random sample of 12-18 households from each enumeration area selected in the first stage.
Sample strata:
=========
We divided the population by:
1- Region (North West Bank, Middle West Bank, South West Bank, Gaza Strip)
2- Type of Locality (urban, rural, refugee camps)
Target cluster size:
============
The target cluster size or "sample-take" is the average number of households to be selected per PSU. In this survey, the sample take is around 12 households.
Sample Size:
========
The calculated sample size is 1,616 households, the completed households were 1,281 (847 in the west bank and 434 in the Gaza strip).
Response Rate
The survey sample consists of about 1,616 households interviewed over a twelve months period between (January 2006-January 2007), 1,281 households completed interview, of which 847 in the West Bank and 434 household in Gaza Strip, the response rate was 79.3% in the Palestinian Territory.
Weighting
The weight of statistical unit (sampling unit) in the sample is defined as the mathematical inverse of the selection probability. The sample of the survey is two stage stratified cluster sample, thus, the weights are calculated for each stage and the Households Weights is the multiplication of the two weights.
First stage weight:
The sample of enumeration areas is selected and the weight is called enumeration area weight (the sampling unit is enumeration area).The weight for enumeration areas from stratum h is calculated by dividing the number of enumeration areas in stratum h on the sample size of enumeration areas in stratum h.
Second stage weight:
The sample of households is selected and the weight is called household weight (the sampling unit is household). The weight of the Household from enumeration area (cluster k) is calculated by dividing the number of households in each cluster with the sample size of households within the cluster k.
The primary weights of households before modification is the multiplication of the weights of the first and second stages.
Those primary weights were then adjusted to compensate for the non-response through calculating an adjustment factor for households weights by adjustment levels (Governorate and locality type).The households projections in 2006 by adjustment levels were used.
The final weight for the household (FHW) is therefore a multiplication of the adjustment factor by the primary weight for the household.
First stage weight:
The sample of enumeration areas is selected and the weight is called enumeration area weight (the sampling unit is enumeration area).The weight for enumeration areas from stratum h is calculated by dividing the number of enumeration areas in stratum h on the sample size of enumeration areas in stratum h.
Second stage weight:
The sample of households is selected and the weight is called household weight (the sampling unit is household). The weight of the Household from enumeration area (cluster k) is calculated by dividing the number of households in each cluster with the sample size of households within the cluster k.
The primary weights of households before modification is the multiplication of the weights of the first and second stages.
Those primary weights were then adjusted to compensate for the non-response through calculating an adjustment factor for households weights by adjustment levels (Governorate and locality type).The households projections in 2006 by adjustment levels were used.
The final weight for the household (FHW) is therefore a multiplication of the adjustment factor by the primary weight for the household.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2006-01-15 | 2007-01-14 | Annual |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Four teams of female interviewers, three in the West Bank and one in the Gaza Strip carried out data collection. Each team consisted of a supervisor, and 3-4 female interviewers.
All field staff received a training session combining general theoretical and practical components. Interviewers, supervisors and editors for the survey were selected from those who worked on the previous rounds of PECS Surveys. Fieldwork procedures and organization were designed to ensure adequate supervision and the collection of high quality data. To this end, several quality control measures were used throughout fieldwork. An interviewer undertook between 120 and 150 household visits in a month. The households were asked to keep daily records in a diary during their recording month. The interviewer transferred the records in a questionnaire on a weekly basis. Data on durable goods were captured by the recall method for the last 12 months (rounds), in order to avoid large variance in estimates when the one-month approach is used.
All field staff received a training session combining general theoretical and practical components. Interviewers, supervisors and editors for the survey were selected from those who worked on the previous rounds of PECS Surveys. Fieldwork procedures and organization were designed to ensure adequate supervision and the collection of high quality data. To this end, several quality control measures were used throughout fieldwork. An interviewer undertook between 120 and 150 household visits in a month. The households were asked to keep daily records in a diary during their recording month. The interviewer transferred the records in a questionnaire on a weekly basis. Data on durable goods were captured by the recall method for the last 12 months (rounds), in order to avoid large variance in estimates when the one-month approach is used.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | PCBS | Palestinian National Authority |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The PECS questionnaire consists of two main sections:
First section:
Certain articles / provisions of the form filled at the beginning of the month, and the remainder filled out at the end of the month. The questionnaire includes the following provisions:
Cover sheet: It contains detailed and particulars of the family, date of visit, particular of the field/office work team, number/sex of the family members.
Statement of the family members: Contains social, economic and demographic particulars of the selected family.
Statement of the long-lasting commodities and income generation activities:
Includes a number of basic and indispensable items (i.e., Livestock, or agricultural lands).
Housing Characteristics: Includes information and data pertaining to the housing conditions, including type of house, number of rooms, ownership, rent, water, electricity supply, connection to the sewer system, source of cooking and heating fuel, and remoteness/proximity of the house to education and health facilities.
Monthly and Annual Income: Data pertaining to the income of the family is collected from different sources at the end of the registration / recording period.
Assistance and poverty: includes questions about household conditions and assistances that got through the the past month.
Second section:
The second section of the questionnaire includes a list of 55 consumption and expenditure groups itemized and serially numbered according to its importance to the family. Each of these groups contains important commodities. The number of commodities items in each for all groups stood at 667 commodities and services items. Groups 1-21 include food, drink, and cigarettes. Group 22 includes homemade commodities. Groups 23-45 include all items except for food, drink and cigarettes. Groups 50-55 include all of the long-lasting commodities. Data on each of these groups was collected over different intervals of time so as to reflect expenditure over a period of one full year, except the cars group the data of which was collected for three previous years.
These data was abotained from the recording book which is covered a period of month for each household.
First section:
Certain articles / provisions of the form filled at the beginning of the month, and the remainder filled out at the end of the month. The questionnaire includes the following provisions:
Cover sheet: It contains detailed and particulars of the family, date of visit, particular of the field/office work team, number/sex of the family members.
Statement of the family members: Contains social, economic and demographic particulars of the selected family.
Statement of the long-lasting commodities and income generation activities:
Includes a number of basic and indispensable items (i.e., Livestock, or agricultural lands).
Housing Characteristics: Includes information and data pertaining to the housing conditions, including type of house, number of rooms, ownership, rent, water, electricity supply, connection to the sewer system, source of cooking and heating fuel, and remoteness/proximity of the house to education and health facilities.
Monthly and Annual Income: Data pertaining to the income of the family is collected from different sources at the end of the registration / recording period.
Assistance and poverty: includes questions about household conditions and assistances that got through the the past month.
Second section:
The second section of the questionnaire includes a list of 55 consumption and expenditure groups itemized and serially numbered according to its importance to the family. Each of these groups contains important commodities. The number of commodities items in each for all groups stood at 667 commodities and services items. Groups 1-21 include food, drink, and cigarettes. Group 22 includes homemade commodities. Groups 23-45 include all items except for food, drink and cigarettes. Groups 50-55 include all of the long-lasting commodities. Data on each of these groups was collected over different intervals of time so as to reflect expenditure over a period of one full year, except the cars group the data of which was collected for three previous years.
These data was abotained from the recording book which is covered a period of month for each household.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Raw Data
=======
Data editing took place though a number of stages, including:
1. Office editing and coding
2. Data entry
3. Structure checking and completeness
4. Structural checking of SPSS data files
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Office.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/compute/recode/rename/format/label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is run on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
=======
Data editing took place though a number of stages, including:
1. Office editing and coding
2. Data entry
3. Structure checking and completeness
4. Structural checking of SPSS data files
Harmonized Data
============
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Office.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/compute/recode/rename/format/label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is run on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
Other Processing
Raw Data
==========
Both data entry and tabulation were performed using the ACCESS and SPSS software programs. Data entry was organized in 8 files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire. A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, range checks, consisting checks and cross-validation. Complete manual inspection of results after data entry was performed, and questionnaires containing field-related errors were sent back to the field for corrections.
==========
Both data entry and tabulation were performed using the ACCESS and SPSS software programs. Data entry was organized in 8 files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire. A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, range checks, consisting checks and cross-validation. Complete manual inspection of results after data entry was performed, and questionnaires containing field-related errors were sent back to the field for corrections.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Generally, surveys samples are exposed to two types of errors.
The statistical errors, being the first type, result from studying a part of a certain society and not including all its sections. And since the Household Expenditure and Consumption Surveys are conducted using a sample method, statistical errors are then unavoidable. Therefore, a potential sample using a suitable design has been employed whereby each unit of the society has a high chance of selection. Upon calculating the rate of bias in this survey, it appeared that the data is of high quality.
The second type of errors is the non-statistical errors that relate to the design of the survey, mechanisms of data collection, and management and analysis of data. Members of the work commission were trained on all possible mechanisms to tackle such potential problems, as well as on how to address cases in which there were no responses (representing 9.6%).
The statistical errors, being the first type, result from studying a part of a certain society and not including all its sections. And since the Household Expenditure and Consumption Surveys are conducted using a sample method, statistical errors are then unavoidable. Therefore, a potential sample using a suitable design has been employed whereby each unit of the society has a high chance of selection. Upon calculating the rate of bias in this survey, it appeared that the data is of high quality.
The second type of errors is the non-statistical errors that relate to the design of the survey, mechanisms of data collection, and management and analysis of data. Members of the work commission were trained on all possible mechanisms to tackle such potential problems, as well as on how to address cases in which there were no responses (representing 9.6%).
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | Economic Research Forum (ERF) | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
| Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | Palestinian National Authority | diwan@pcbs.gov.ps | www.pcbs.gov.ps |
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
To access the micro-data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement.
The data will be used only for scholarly, research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
The users should cite the Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics as follows:
"Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Palestinian Consumption and Expenditure Survey 2006/2007 (PECS 2006/2007), Version 1.0 of the Licensed data files (March 2013), provided by the Economic Research Forum. http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog"
"Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Palestinian Consumption and Expenditure Survey 2006/2007 (PECS 2006/2007), Version 1.0 of the Licensed data files (March 2013), provided by the Economic Research Forum. http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog"
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics have granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2012, Economic Research Forum | (c) 2006, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_WBG_2006_PECS_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | Cleaning and Harmonizing raw data received from the Statistical Office |
Date of Metadata Production
2012-11
DDI Document version
Version 1.0
DDI Number, Study ID and Country fields edited by World Bank Data Group (May 2013)
DDI Number, Study ID and Country fields edited by World Bank Data Group (May 2013)