Agricultural Sample Survey 1997-1998 (1990 E.C)
Ethiopia, 1997 - 1998
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Apr 25, 2019
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Apr 25, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
ETH_1997_AgSS_v01_M
Title
Agricultural Sample Survey 1997-1998 (1990 E.C)
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | Eth |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Abstract
In a country where the economy is predominantly agrarian, agricultural information is essential for policy makers and other users. In this regards, the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has exerted every effort to provide users and decision makers with reliable and timely agricultural data.
The general objectives of CSA's annual Agricultural Sample Survey are:
- To collect basic quantitative information on the country's agriculture that is considered essential for development planning, socio-economic policy formulation, food assistance, etc.
- To estimates of the total cultivated land area and yield per hectare of major crops (temporary) and estimates of land utilization and quantity of agricultural inputs applied by type for main season.
- To estimate the total farm inputs applied area and quantity of inputs by type for major temporary and permanent crops.
The general objectives of CSA's annual Agricultural Sample Survey are:
- To collect basic quantitative information on the country's agriculture that is considered essential for development planning, socio-economic policy formulation, food assistance, etc.
- To estimates of the total cultivated land area and yield per hectare of major crops (temporary) and estimates of land utilization and quantity of agricultural inputs applied by type for main season.
- To estimate the total farm inputs applied area and quantity of inputs by type for major temporary and permanent crops.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Agricultural household/ Holde/ Crop
Version
Version Description
Version 1.1: Edited and non anonymized dataset, for internal use only.
Scope
Notes
The scope of annual Agricultural Sample Survey includes:
- Area identification and characteristics of agricultural holder's. This included household's geographic locations, holder's age, holder's sex and educational status.
- List of fields and agricultural practices for pure stand and mixed crops.
- List of permanent crops and number of tress. -Records of quantity of improved seed, fertilizers and information on crop protection.
- Records of results of area measurements.
- List and selection of fields for crop cutting and details of record of crop cutting.
- Area identification and characteristics of agricultural holder's. This included household's geographic locations, holder's age, holder's sex and educational status.
- List of fields and agricultural practices for pure stand and mixed crops.
- List of permanent crops and number of tress. -Records of quantity of improved seed, fertilizers and information on crop protection.
- Records of results of area measurements.
- List and selection of fields for crop cutting and details of record of crop cutting.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The 1997-1998 (1990 E.C.) annual Agricultural Sample Survey was designed to cover sedentary rural agricultural population in all regions of the country except urban and nomadic areas of the country.
Universe
Agricultural households
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Authority | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Government of Ethiopia | GoE |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
SAMPLE DESIGN
A two stage stratified sample design was used for the 1997-1998 (1990 E.C) annual Agricultural Sample Survey. All regions except Harari, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa and Gambella were broken into zones and treated as strata/reporting levels for survey summarization purposes, but for the four mentioned regions, the reporting levels are the regions themselves. The sample design first-stage consists of primary sampling units (PSUs) in all strata which were enumeration areas (EAs). The second-stage sampling units were agricultural households selected as the secondary level sampling units. The survey questionnaires were administered to all agricultural holders in the sampled agricultural households. Based on cost and field enumeration considerations, a fixed number of sample EAs were allocated to each stratum/reporting level taking into consideration the desired precision of the estimates and number of households per stratum. The overall sample number of EAs in a stratum was proportionately allocated to zones/special wereda within stratum based on their number of households. From within each zones/special weredas sample EAs were selected with probability proportional to size, size being the total number of households identified for EAs as obtained from the 1994 Population Census. From each sample EA, 40 agricultural households were sampled systematically without replacement from a newly enumerated list of agricultural households of which the first 25 agricultural households were used to obtain information on crop planted area and crop production of both the “Meher” and “Belg” seasons. However, livestock information was collected from the full sample of 40 selected agricultural households. Information was collected from all twenty five households except for crop-cutting data which was collected form only the last 15 agricultural households, starting from the 11th selected agricultural households. Data was collected on separate questionnaires form each holder within these twenty-five sampled households.
Note: Distribution of number of sampling units by stratum is given in Appendix III of the 1997-1998 annual Agricultural Sample Survey, Volume I report which is provided as external resource.
A two stage stratified sample design was used for the 1997-1998 (1990 E.C) annual Agricultural Sample Survey. All regions except Harari, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa and Gambella were broken into zones and treated as strata/reporting levels for survey summarization purposes, but for the four mentioned regions, the reporting levels are the regions themselves. The sample design first-stage consists of primary sampling units (PSUs) in all strata which were enumeration areas (EAs). The second-stage sampling units were agricultural households selected as the secondary level sampling units. The survey questionnaires were administered to all agricultural holders in the sampled agricultural households. Based on cost and field enumeration considerations, a fixed number of sample EAs were allocated to each stratum/reporting level taking into consideration the desired precision of the estimates and number of households per stratum. The overall sample number of EAs in a stratum was proportionately allocated to zones/special wereda within stratum based on their number of households. From within each zones/special weredas sample EAs were selected with probability proportional to size, size being the total number of households identified for EAs as obtained from the 1994 Population Census. From each sample EA, 40 agricultural households were sampled systematically without replacement from a newly enumerated list of agricultural households of which the first 25 agricultural households were used to obtain information on crop planted area and crop production of both the “Meher” and “Belg” seasons. However, livestock information was collected from the full sample of 40 selected agricultural households. Information was collected from all twenty five households except for crop-cutting data which was collected form only the last 15 agricultural households, starting from the 11th selected agricultural households. Data was collected on separate questionnaires form each holder within these twenty-five sampled households.
Note: Distribution of number of sampling units by stratum is given in Appendix III of the 1997-1998 annual Agricultural Sample Survey, Volume I report which is provided as external resource.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1997 | 1998 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Field Organization:
CSA branch statistical office heads, field supervisors and enumerators, other support staffs and drivers were all involved in the conduct of the AgSS area and production survey data collection effort. To accomplish the data collection all field enumerators were equipped with the necessary survey equipment (i.e. compass, protractor, ruler, measuring tape, balance scale, poles, ropes, sample and bags) at the completion of training. To assist with the field work and data collection activities all available four-wheel drive vehicles were used for supervision and collection of completed questionnaires.
Training of Field Staff:
The field staff training program was carried out in two stages. The first-stage consisted of trainees from the head office, branch statistical office heads and some of the field supervisors being given training for one week at CSA's headquarters complex in Addis Ababa. Many of those trained in the first-stage conducted similar training for field supervisors and enumerators for 10 days in all of CSA's 15 branch offices which were distributed around the country. During this second-stage training, the field staffs given detailed classroom instruction on the objectives and uses of the AgSS, concepts and definitions of terms used, the method of area measurement, method of crop cutting, as well as correct interviewing procedures, …etc. The enumerators' training also included a field practice to reinforce the concepts discussed in the classroom with regard to field measurement and crop cutting data collection.
Method of Data Collection:
Data for the AgSS area and production survey were recorded on questionnires using both subjective and objective enumeration methods. Information on agricultural practices (application of fertilizer, pesticide, use of improved seeds and irrigation) were collected subjectively by interviewing the holders located in each sampled household. The objective measurement procedures for area measurements were carried out for the 25 selected households form each sampled EA. This required that all separate fields by land area utilization be physically measured using compass and measuring tape. In addition, for all fields under temporary crops of each holder of the last 15 sampled households, each was classified by type of crop and for selected major crops a field was randomly selected for each crop for crop cutting to be performed. Crop cutting procedures consist of demarcation of a sixteen meter square plot randomly located in the selected field for which the crop in the field is to be harvested. Following the field enumerator's harvest of the crop cutting plot and threshing, the crop was stored in bags with identification information (i.e. name of the crop, holder number, and parcel and field number). The crop placed in the bag was weighed immediately (green weight) after threshing, and weight again after two weeks of drying to simulate normal holder harvesting and drying practices. The green and dry weights were recorded on the respective questionnaire.
CSA branch statistical office heads, field supervisors and enumerators, other support staffs and drivers were all involved in the conduct of the AgSS area and production survey data collection effort. To accomplish the data collection all field enumerators were equipped with the necessary survey equipment (i.e. compass, protractor, ruler, measuring tape, balance scale, poles, ropes, sample and bags) at the completion of training. To assist with the field work and data collection activities all available four-wheel drive vehicles were used for supervision and collection of completed questionnaires.
Training of Field Staff:
The field staff training program was carried out in two stages. The first-stage consisted of trainees from the head office, branch statistical office heads and some of the field supervisors being given training for one week at CSA's headquarters complex in Addis Ababa. Many of those trained in the first-stage conducted similar training for field supervisors and enumerators for 10 days in all of CSA's 15 branch offices which were distributed around the country. During this second-stage training, the field staffs given detailed classroom instruction on the objectives and uses of the AgSS, concepts and definitions of terms used, the method of area measurement, method of crop cutting, as well as correct interviewing procedures, …etc. The enumerators' training also included a field practice to reinforce the concepts discussed in the classroom with regard to field measurement and crop cutting data collection.
Method of Data Collection:
Data for the AgSS area and production survey were recorded on questionnires using both subjective and objective enumeration methods. Information on agricultural practices (application of fertilizer, pesticide, use of improved seeds and irrigation) were collected subjectively by interviewing the holders located in each sampled household. The objective measurement procedures for area measurements were carried out for the 25 selected households form each sampled EA. This required that all separate fields by land area utilization be physically measured using compass and measuring tape. In addition, for all fields under temporary crops of each holder of the last 15 sampled households, each was classified by type of crop and for selected major crops a field was randomly selected for each crop for crop cutting to be performed. Crop cutting procedures consist of demarcation of a sixteen meter square plot randomly located in the selected field for which the crop in the field is to be harvested. Following the field enumerator's harvest of the crop cutting plot and threshing, the crop was stored in bags with identification information (i.e. name of the crop, holder number, and parcel and field number). The crop placed in the bag was weighed immediately (green weight) after threshing, and weight again after two weeks of drying to simulate normal holder harvesting and drying practices. The green and dry weights were recorded on the respective questionnaire.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Authority | CSA | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The 1997-1998 annual Agricultural Sample Survey used structured questionnaires to collect agricultural information from selected sample households.
List of forms in the questionnaire:
- AgSS Form 90/0: Used to list all agricultural households and holders in the sample enumeration areas.
- AgSS Form 90/1: Used to list selected households and agricultural holders in the sample enumeration areas.
- AgSS Form 90/2: Used to collect information about crop condition.
- AgSS Form 90/3A: Used to list fields and agricultural practices only pure stand temporary and permanent crops, list of fields and agricultural practices for mixed crops, other land use, quantity of improved and local seeds by type of crop and type and quantity of crop protection chemicals.
- AgSS Form 90/3B: Used to collect information about quantity of production of crops.
- AgSS Form 90/4A: Used to collect information about results of area measurement and field area measurement.
- AgSS Form 90/4B: Used to collect information about results of area measurement and field area measurement.
- AgSS Form 90/5: Used to list fields for selecting fields for crop cuttings and collect information about details of crop cutting.
- AgSS Form 90/6: Used to collect information about cattle by sex, age and purpose.
Note: The questionnaires are provided as external resource.
List of forms in the questionnaire:
- AgSS Form 90/0: Used to list all agricultural households and holders in the sample enumeration areas.
- AgSS Form 90/1: Used to list selected households and agricultural holders in the sample enumeration areas.
- AgSS Form 90/2: Used to collect information about crop condition.
- AgSS Form 90/3A: Used to list fields and agricultural practices only pure stand temporary and permanent crops, list of fields and agricultural practices for mixed crops, other land use, quantity of improved and local seeds by type of crop and type and quantity of crop protection chemicals.
- AgSS Form 90/3B: Used to collect information about quantity of production of crops.
- AgSS Form 90/4A: Used to collect information about results of area measurement and field area measurement.
- AgSS Form 90/4B: Used to collect information about results of area measurement and field area measurement.
- AgSS Form 90/5: Used to list fields for selecting fields for crop cuttings and collect information about details of crop cutting.
- AgSS Form 90/6: Used to collect information about cattle by sex, age and purpose.
Note: The questionnaires are provided as external resource.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Editing, Coding and Verification:
To insure the quality of colleted survey data an editing, coding and verification instruction manual was prepared, and sixty-five editors, coders and verifiers were trained for two days to edit, code and verify the data using the aforementioned manual as a reference and teaching aid. The filled-in questionnaires were edited, coded and later verified by supervisors on a 100% basis before the questionnaires were sent to the data processing unit for data entry. The editing, coding and verification of all questionnaires was completed in thirty-eight days.
Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation:
Before starting data entry professional staffs of Agricultural Statistics Department of Central Statistical Authority prepared edit specification that used to developed data entry and cleaning computer programs by data processing staffs using Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS). The edited and coded questionnaires were captured into computers and later cleaned using cleaning program that was developed for this purpose earlier. Thirty data encoders were involved in this process and it took thirty-three days to complete the job. Finally, using tabulations format provided by the subject matter specialist computer program was developed and survey results were produced accordingly.
To insure the quality of colleted survey data an editing, coding and verification instruction manual was prepared, and sixty-five editors, coders and verifiers were trained for two days to edit, code and verify the data using the aforementioned manual as a reference and teaching aid. The filled-in questionnaires were edited, coded and later verified by supervisors on a 100% basis before the questionnaires were sent to the data processing unit for data entry. The editing, coding and verification of all questionnaires was completed in thirty-eight days.
Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation:
Before starting data entry professional staffs of Agricultural Statistics Department of Central Statistical Authority prepared edit specification that used to developed data entry and cleaning computer programs by data processing staffs using Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS). The edited and coded questionnaires were captured into computers and later cleaned using cleaning program that was developed for this purpose earlier. Thirty data encoders were involved in this process and it took thirty-three days to complete the job. Finally, using tabulations format provided by the subject matter specialist computer program was developed and survey results were produced accordingly.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Estimation procedures of totals and ratios of agricultural variables and the measure of precision of area and production are given in Appendix I and II of the 1997-1998 annual Agricultural Sample Survey, Volume I report which is provided as external resource.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | csa@csa.gov.et | http://www.csa.gov.et |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Administrator | Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | data@csa.gov.et | http://www.csa.gov.et |
Access conditions
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) is committed to achieving excellence in the provision of timely, reliable and affordable official statistics for informed decision making in order to maximize the welfare of all Ethiopians. This is achieved through the collection and analysis of censuses, surveys and the use of administrative data as well as the dissemination a range of statistical products and providing assistance and services to users.
A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (http://www.csa.gov.et).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents.
The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research, It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and
The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA.
The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA.
No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CSA will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CSA.
The original collector of the data, CSA, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget.
At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (http://www.csa.gov.et )
A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (http://www.csa.gov.et).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents.
The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research, It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and
The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA.
The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA.
No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CSA will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CSA.
The original collector of the data, CSA, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget.
At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (http://www.csa.gov.et )
Citation requirements
The following statement must be used as citation: "Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia (CSA). Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS 1997-1998) "
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_ETH_1997_AgSS_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency | CSA | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Production and documentation of the study |
| International Household Survey Network | IHSN | Review of the metadata |
Date of Metadata Production
1998-09-01
DDI Document version
Version 02: Adopted from DDI (DDI-ETH-CSA-AgSS-1997-v1.1) that was done by Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia.