Urban Bi-Annual Employment Unemployment Survey, Round Two 2004 (1996 E.C)
Ethiopia, 2004
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Apr 25, 2019
Last modified
Apr 25, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
ETH_2004_UEUS-R2_v01_M
Title
Urban Bi-Annual Employment Unemployment Survey, Round Two 2004 (1996 E.C)
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
Study type
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
Abstract
Statistical information on all aspects of socio-economic activities is essential for the designing, monitoring, evaluation of development plans and policies. Labour force surveys are one of the important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. These surveys provide data on the main characteristics of the work force engaged or available to be engaged in productive activities during a given period and its distribution in the various sectors of the economy. It is also useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic well being of the population. Furthermore, the information obtained from such surveys is useful for the purpose of macro-economic monitoring and evaluation of human resource development planning. The other broad objective of statistics on the labour force is for the measurement of relationship between employment, income and other social and economic characteristics of the economically active population for the purpose of formulating, monitoring and evaluation of employment policy and programs. Seasonal and other variations and changes over time in the size and characteristics of the employment and unemployment can be monitored using up-to-date information from labour force surveys.
CSA has been providing labour force and related data at different levels and with varying content details. These include the 1976 Addis Ababa Manpower and Housing Sample Survey, the 1978 Survey on Population and Housing Characteristics of Seventeen Major Towns, the 1980/81 and 1987/88 Rural Labour Force Surveys, and the 1984 & 1994 Population and Housing Census. A comprehensive national labour force result representing both urban and rural areas was also provided based on the 1999 Labour Force Survey. The 1996 and 2002 Surveys of Informal Sector and most of the household surveys also provide limited data on the area. Moreover, some information can be derived from small, large and medium scale establishment surveys.
As the sector is dynamic and sensitive to economic and social changes, it is important to have up to date data that will show current levels and that will be used for trend and comparative analysis. Earlier data in this regard were not regular and up to date. Thus, to fill-in the data gap in this area, a series of current and continuous labour force surveys need to be undertaken. Recognizing this fact and in response to request from different data users, the CSA had launched a Bi-annual Employment and Unemployment Survey program starting October, 2003 G.C.
This survey is the second in the series. Like the first round, it covered only urban areas of all regions with the exception of Gambella.
Objectives of the survey
The Bi-annual Employment and Unemployment Survey program was designed to provide statistical data on the size and characteristics of the economically active and the non-active population of the country on continuous basis. The data will be useful for policy makers, planners, researchers, and other institutions and individuals engaged in the design, implementation and monitoring of human resource development projects and the performance of the economy.
The specific objectives of this survey were to:
- Up date data on the size of work force that is available to participate in production process;
- Determine the status and rate of economic participation of different sub-groups of the population;
- Identify those who are actually contributing to the economic development (employed) and those out of the sphere;
- Determine the size and rate of unemployed population;
- Provide data on the structure of the working population;
- Obtain information about earnings from paid employment;
- Identify the distribution of employed population in the formal/informal sector of the economy;
- Generate data to trace changes over time.
CSA has been providing labour force and related data at different levels and with varying content details. These include the 1976 Addis Ababa Manpower and Housing Sample Survey, the 1978 Survey on Population and Housing Characteristics of Seventeen Major Towns, the 1980/81 and 1987/88 Rural Labour Force Surveys, and the 1984 & 1994 Population and Housing Census. A comprehensive national labour force result representing both urban and rural areas was also provided based on the 1999 Labour Force Survey. The 1996 and 2002 Surveys of Informal Sector and most of the household surveys also provide limited data on the area. Moreover, some information can be derived from small, large and medium scale establishment surveys.
As the sector is dynamic and sensitive to economic and social changes, it is important to have up to date data that will show current levels and that will be used for trend and comparative analysis. Earlier data in this regard were not regular and up to date. Thus, to fill-in the data gap in this area, a series of current and continuous labour force surveys need to be undertaken. Recognizing this fact and in response to request from different data users, the CSA had launched a Bi-annual Employment and Unemployment Survey program starting October, 2003 G.C.
This survey is the second in the series. Like the first round, it covered only urban areas of all regions with the exception of Gambella.
Objectives of the survey
The Bi-annual Employment and Unemployment Survey program was designed to provide statistical data on the size and characteristics of the economically active and the non-active population of the country on continuous basis. The data will be useful for policy makers, planners, researchers, and other institutions and individuals engaged in the design, implementation and monitoring of human resource development projects and the performance of the economy.
The specific objectives of this survey were to:
- Up date data on the size of work force that is available to participate in production process;
- Determine the status and rate of economic participation of different sub-groups of the population;
- Identify those who are actually contributing to the economic development (employed) and those out of the sphere;
- Determine the size and rate of unemployed population;
- Provide data on the structure of the working population;
- Obtain information about earnings from paid employment;
- Identify the distribution of employed population in the formal/informal sector of the economy;
- Generate data to trace changes over time.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Household
- Individual aged 10 years and above
- Individual aged 10 years and above
Version
Version Description
Version 1.1: Edited and non anonymized dataset, for internal use only.
Scope
Notes
The scope of Urban Employment Unemployment Survey includes:
- Household: Area identification and demographic characteristics of the selected households.
- Individual aged 10 and above: Economic activities during the last 6 months, economic activities during the last 7 days and unemployment and characteristics of unemployed persons.
The survey is mainly aimed at providing information on the economic characteristics of the population aged 10 years and over, i.e., their activity status, employment, and unemployment situation. It has also covered detailed socio-demographic background variables such as age, sex, relationship to the head of household, educational status, and training, marital status.
- Household: Area identification and demographic characteristics of the selected households.
- Individual aged 10 and above: Economic activities during the last 6 months, economic activities during the last 7 days and unemployment and characteristics of unemployed persons.
The survey is mainly aimed at providing information on the economic characteristics of the population aged 10 years and over, i.e., their activity status, employment, and unemployment situation. It has also covered detailed socio-demographic background variables such as age, sex, relationship to the head of household, educational status, and training, marital status.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| employment [3.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| unemployment [3.5] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| basic skills education [6.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The 2004 Urban Bi-annual Employment and Unemployment Survey (UBEUS) covered only urban parts of the country. Except three zones of Afar, six zones of Somali regions, where the residents are pastoralists, and every part of Gambella region, all urban centers of the country were considered in this survey.
Universe
All households in the selected samples, except residents of collective quarters, homeless persons and foreigners.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Authority | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Government of Ethiopia | GoE |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Sample Design and Sample Size:
Information from the listing of the 1994 Population and Housing Census was utilized to develop the sampling frame for the 2004 Urban Bi-annual Employment and Unemployment Survey. It was by taking in to account of cost and precision of major variables that determination of sample size was achieved. Moreover, in order to judge precisions of major variables, the 1999 Labor Force Survey result was the main source of information that was taken into consideration.
Except Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, where all urban centers of the domain were incorporated in the survey, in other domains a three stage stratified cluster sample design was adopted to select the samples from each domain. The primary sampling units (PSU's) were urban centers selected systematically using probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained from the 1994 Population and Housing Census. From each selected urban centers enumeration areas (EA's) were selected as a second-stage sampling unit (SSU). The selection of the SSU's was also done using probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained from the 1994 Population and Housing Census. For each sampled EA a fresh list of households was prepared at the beginning of the survey. Thirty households from each sample EA were selected at the third stage. The survey questionnaire was finally administered to those thirty households selected at the last stage.
The selection scheme for Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa was similar to the case explained above. However, in these three domains instead of a three-stage design a two-stage stratified cluster sample design with enumeration areas as PSU and households (from the fresh list) as secondary sampling unit was used.
Note: Distribution of sampling units (planned and covered) by domain (reporting level) is given in Summary Table 2.1 of the 2004 Urban Bi-annual Employment Unemployment Survey Round 2 report.
Information from the listing of the 1994 Population and Housing Census was utilized to develop the sampling frame for the 2004 Urban Bi-annual Employment and Unemployment Survey. It was by taking in to account of cost and precision of major variables that determination of sample size was achieved. Moreover, in order to judge precisions of major variables, the 1999 Labor Force Survey result was the main source of information that was taken into consideration.
Except Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, where all urban centers of the domain were incorporated in the survey, in other domains a three stage stratified cluster sample design was adopted to select the samples from each domain. The primary sampling units (PSU's) were urban centers selected systematically using probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained from the 1994 Population and Housing Census. From each selected urban centers enumeration areas (EA's) were selected as a second-stage sampling unit (SSU). The selection of the SSU's was also done using probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained from the 1994 Population and Housing Census. For each sampled EA a fresh list of households was prepared at the beginning of the survey. Thirty households from each sample EA were selected at the third stage. The survey questionnaire was finally administered to those thirty households selected at the last stage.
The selection scheme for Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa was similar to the case explained above. However, in these three domains instead of a three-stage design a two-stage stratified cluster sample design with enumeration areas as PSU and households (from the fresh list) as secondary sampling unit was used.
Note: Distribution of sampling units (planned and covered) by domain (reporting level) is given in Summary Table 2.1 of the 2004 Urban Bi-annual Employment Unemployment Survey Round 2 report.
Response Rate
As regards the response rate of the survey, a total of 99 urban centers were selected and incorporated in to the survey. To be covered by the survey, 527 enumeration areas was initially selected, and the survey could successfully be carried out in 507 (96.20%) out of all the 527 of the EA's. The total number of expected households that were to be interviewed was 15810; however, due to different reasons 740 sample households were not interviewed, including households from 20 EAs of Gambella Region. As a result only 15070 households were actually covered by the survey, which made the ultimate response rate of the survey 95.32 %.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2004-04-18 | 2004-05-16 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Training of Field Staff
Like the first round survey, the training program of enumerators, supervisors and other field office staff was conducted in two stages. The first stage refreshment training was conducted at the head quarters of the CSA, in Addis Ababa for about one and half days. The participants were selected from professionals and sub-professionals with long time experiences, branch office statisticians and coordinators, who were supposed to train enumerators and supervisors during the second stage of training conducted at the Branch Statistical Offices. The training was guided by an enumerator and supervisor manual, which consists of detailed explanation of concepts, ideas and instructions on how to fill each entry in the questionnaire.
The training at the branch office, which lasted for about seven days, consisted of theoretical discussions on concepts, definitions, and techniques of completing the questionnaire as well as mock and practical field practice interview of households and/or household members. The objectives of mock and practical interviewing of households were twofold. First, it enabled to assess how well the classroom theoretical discussions were understood by all participants so that they could convey the same message to the enumerators and the supervisors. The second objective was to examine the difficulty, which would likely be encountered during actual fieldwork.
Organization of the Fieldwork
In order to carry out the survey with the desired level of quality, there was a need to organize a large staff that performs the various survey activities. The 24 Branch Statistical Offices of the Authority carried out the data collection operation. These offices have permanent and contract enumerators stationed in the selected enumeration areas. The data collection operation of the survey involved a total of about 248 enumerators and about 69 field supervisors with an average supervisor-enumerator ratio of 1: 4.
The interviews have been done by going from house-to-house. The respondent from whom the information collected was the head of the household or other responsible household member. Most of the enumerators were assigned to 2-3 sampled enumeration areas where data collection was carried out in phases. That is, after completing the data collection in the selected enumeration area enumerators were shifted to another nearest sample sites to carry out the same exercise. Interpreters were made available in cases where there is difficulty to converse with the respondent's dialect. Data collection took place between April 18 and May 16/2004.
Like the first round survey, the training program of enumerators, supervisors and other field office staff was conducted in two stages. The first stage refreshment training was conducted at the head quarters of the CSA, in Addis Ababa for about one and half days. The participants were selected from professionals and sub-professionals with long time experiences, branch office statisticians and coordinators, who were supposed to train enumerators and supervisors during the second stage of training conducted at the Branch Statistical Offices. The training was guided by an enumerator and supervisor manual, which consists of detailed explanation of concepts, ideas and instructions on how to fill each entry in the questionnaire.
The training at the branch office, which lasted for about seven days, consisted of theoretical discussions on concepts, definitions, and techniques of completing the questionnaire as well as mock and practical field practice interview of households and/or household members. The objectives of mock and practical interviewing of households were twofold. First, it enabled to assess how well the classroom theoretical discussions were understood by all participants so that they could convey the same message to the enumerators and the supervisors. The second objective was to examine the difficulty, which would likely be encountered during actual fieldwork.
Organization of the Fieldwork
In order to carry out the survey with the desired level of quality, there was a need to organize a large staff that performs the various survey activities. The 24 Branch Statistical Offices of the Authority carried out the data collection operation. These offices have permanent and contract enumerators stationed in the selected enumeration areas. The data collection operation of the survey involved a total of about 248 enumerators and about 69 field supervisors with an average supervisor-enumerator ratio of 1: 4.
The interviews have been done by going from house-to-house. The respondent from whom the information collected was the head of the household or other responsible household member. Most of the enumerators were assigned to 2-3 sampled enumeration areas where data collection was carried out in phases. That is, after completing the data collection in the selected enumeration area enumerators were shifted to another nearest sample sites to carry out the same exercise. Interpreters were made available in cases where there is difficulty to converse with the respondent's dialect. Data collection took place between April 18 and May 16/2004.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Authority | CSA | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Same questionnaire used for the first round survey was administered in this round (round 2).
The questionnaire was organized in to five sections;
Section - 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section dealt with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc.,
Section - 2: Demographic characteristics of household: it consisted of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, education, states & types of training and marital status.
Section - 3: Economic activity during the last six months: this section covered the usual economic activity status, number of weeks of Employment /Unemployment and reasons for not usually working.
Section - 4: Productive activities during the last seven days: this section dealt with the status and characteristics of employed persons such as hours of work occupation, industry, employment status, and Earnings from employment.
Section - 5: Unemployment and characteristics of unemployed persons: the section focused on the size and characteristics of the unemployed population.
Note: The questionnaire is provided as external resource.
The questionnaire was organized in to five sections;
Section - 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section dealt with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc.,
Section - 2: Demographic characteristics of household: it consisted of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, education, states & types of training and marital status.
Section - 3: Economic activity during the last six months: this section covered the usual economic activity status, number of weeks of Employment /Unemployment and reasons for not usually working.
Section - 4: Productive activities during the last seven days: this section dealt with the status and characteristics of employed persons such as hours of work occupation, industry, employment status, and Earnings from employment.
Section - 5: Unemployment and characteristics of unemployed persons: the section focused on the size and characteristics of the unemployed population.
Note: The questionnaire is provided as external resource.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data Editing, Coding and Verification:
The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors, Statisticians and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry. After the data was entered, it was again verified using the computer.
Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation:
Using the computer edit specification prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on tabulation results. Computer programs used in data entry, machine editing and tabulation were prepared using the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS).
The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors, Statisticians and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry. After the data was entered, it was again verified using the computer.
Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation:
Using the computer edit specification prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on tabulation results. Computer programs used in data entry, machine editing and tabulation were prepared using the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS).
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Estimation procedures of total, ratio and sampling errors are given in ANNEX III of the 2004 Urban Bi-annual Employment Unemployment Survey Round 2 report.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Data@csa.gov.et | http://www.csa.gov.et |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Administrator | Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Data@csa.gov.et | http://www.csa.gov.et |
Access conditions
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) is committed to achieving excellence in the provision of timely, reliable and affordable official statistics for informed decision making in order to maximize the welfare of all Ethiopians. This is achieved through the collection and analysis of censuses, surveys and the use of administrative data as well as the dissemination a range of statistical products and providing assistance and services to users.
A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et <http://www.csa.gov.et>).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents
The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected
For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research,
It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and
The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA.
The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA.
No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CSA will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CSA.
The original collector of the data, CSA, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget.
At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et <http://www.csa.gov.et>).
A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et <http://www.csa.gov.et>).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents
The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected
For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research,
It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and
The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA.
The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA.
No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CSA will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CSA.
The original collector of the data, CSA, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget.
At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et <http://www.csa.gov.et>).
Citation requirements
The following statement must be used as citation:
"Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia (CSA). Urban Bi-Annual Employment Unemployment Survey 2004 Round 2 (UEUS 2004) "
"Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia (CSA). Urban Bi-Annual Employment Unemployment Survey 2004 Round 2 (UEUS 2004) "
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_ETH_2004_UEUS-R2_v02_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency | CSA | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Production and documentation of the study |
| International Household Survey Network | IHSN | Review of the metadata |
Date of Metadata Production
2005-08-22
DDI Document version
Version 02: Adopted from "DDI-ETH-CSA-UEUS-R2-2004-v1.1" DDI, which was done by Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency.